Then, the Newton-Raphson algorithm solves the single-diode model and yields photocurrent (Ipv), diode saturation current (Is), series resistance (Rs), shunt resistance (Rsh) and the diode ideality ...

Crystal oscillators are notoriously difficult to simulate accurately. The nature of the Newton-Raphson algorithm, which all Spice-like simulators (HSpice, PSpice, Spectre, and Eldo) use, is difficult ...